Benefits Of A Small Business Essay - 1582 Words

For centuries, people have taken pleasure in creating plush, green, shaded gardens. Today, over one million people work in the grounds maintenance industry which creates and beautiful landscapes. Among the thousands of workers and businesses that comprise the lawn care industry, two groups exist: large and small companies. Greatly profitable enterprises, as a result of their successful business strategies, customarily invest profits in the company to increase employment and diversify the selection of offered services. Consequently, as the company’s aptitude to service a larger clientele increases, the company will expand and thus increase annual revenue allowing the cycle of growth to continue. Smaller businesses, contrarily, usually do not end operating seasons with enough financial resources to invest in equipment and personnel. Accordingly, the breadth of a small business’s service does not significantly expand from year to year. Over time, however, smaller busines ses develop and expand. When smaller companies lack the employees to accomplish newly assumed responsibilities, I find work. Throughout the year, a local business, which manages several lawn care accounts without a lawn care division, outsources several lawn care jobs to me. With the help of this research, I hope to improve my service, increase efficiency, and learn methods of managing and creating service accounts to convince the small business owner of my competency to manage all of the proprietors lawnShow MoreRelatedBenefits Of A Small Business967 Words   |  4 PagesSmall-Business Preference Service-Disabled Veterans have earned the right to receive certain preferences for government contracting because they volunteered to serve their country. Congress established programs to benefit Service-Disabled Veterans, choose three programs and describe these programs. Explain how these programs benefit a small business over a large business. Small Disadvantaged Business The Small Disadvantage Business was established by Congress to provide an opportunity to businessesRead MoreThe Benefits Of A Small Business737 Words   |  3 Pagesover-saturated at the moment, there is always the opportunity of a business, speculating the opportune moment when to enter the market, by zoning, by location or by the category of consumers to whom the offer of services is addressed. Personally, I believe that the biggest scarcity what I meet at this moment is the time, being very busy, sometimes I have the impression that it needs 48 hours to have a full day, but if I were to think of a business opportunity, the first example comes from my neighborhoodRead MoreBenefits Of A Small Business2005 Words   |  9 PagesI. Executive Summary In order to finance future expansion or get past a temporary business slow down (particularly in seasonal business) it is necessary to raise working capital and that involves determining which method of financing is best; debt or equity. II. Business Challenge One of the main challenges businesses face when trying to grow is how to raise the necessary working capital to achieve the necessary growth, whether for additional employees, inventory or plant expansion, technologyRead MoreBenefits Of Social Networking On Small Business2027 Words   |  9 Pages1.What potential benefits might social networking websites offer to small business? There are so many benefits social networking websites offer to small businesses. When an individual starts a business, the main motive for starting the business is profit and to achieve that the company must be recognized, before the internet became available small business struggled to get recognition and there no proper way to make sure that their business existed but the arrival of internet changed all this exRead MoreThe Benefits Of Rural Small Business Grant1110 Words   |  5 PagesEvery state is offering what they call the rural small business grant program. This is actually available for those people who are situated in a town but dont have enough money to capitalize in having a business of their own. Fortunately the government is allotting millions of dollars in order to fund this grant. If you want to apply for a rural business loans, you need to apply for it. The process is actually simple and it takes a faster approval especially if you can fulfill the requirements.Read MoreBenefits Of Effective Protection Measures For Small Business849 Words   |  4 PagesEvery business from small to big the information security has become a risk factor which has put all business in a verse of serous risk. On this paper we will be more focused general explanation of the business need for information security, confidentiality, integrity, availability, non-repudiation, authentication, and authorization. This policy, which is listed in paper, can be mitigating denial of service (DOS), which can lead several losses in small business. Finally costs and benefits of effectiveRead MoreBenefits Of An Effective Protection Measure Essential For Small Business Essay913 Words   |  4 PagesEvery business from small to big, the information security has become a risk factor which has put all business on the verse of serious risk. In this paper, we will be more focused on general explanations of the business need for information security, confidentiality, integrity, availab ility, non-repudiation, authentication, and authorization. This policy, which is listed on paper, can be mitigating denial of service (DOS), which can lead several losses in small business. Finally, costs and benefitsRead MoreThe Benefits of E-Commerce to the Small Business Owner Essay1843 Words   |  8 Pagesof the entire business universe. E-commerce relates to that part of e-business that includes transactions that involve money. The larger concept of e-business, however, goes well beyond buying and selling items on the Internet. E-business is about using information, technology, and resources to conduct business online. The processes of marketing your goods and services to your members, e-tailing, can be compared to a store front where you display products and solicit business from othersRead MoreBenefits Of A Small Business Center At Central Piedmont Community College Essay860 Words   |  4 PagesFive years from now I see myself running a small business. Background knowledge as well as experience is needed to run a small business. To gain knowledge I will take advantage of the Small Business Center at Central Piedmont Community College. The Small Business Center provides vast resources and counseling at no cost. Counseling that is provided in the Small Business Center helps with business planning, business growth, or cash flow management. For counseling I would have to request counselingRead MoreThe Importance Of Human Resource Management Within The Business1738 Words   |  7 Pages The Importance of Human Resources in Small Business Derrick Rowley Business 224 Dennis Oden 7 June 2015 â€Æ' Abstract Within this paper you will find that HR is vital to all businesses, but can greatly affect the long-term success of a small business. Small businesses can have a difficult time finding qualified individuals to help with the production side of the business. That is why having human resource management within the business is so important. HR sets the planning process and within

Analysis Of The Book The Scarlet Letter - 1917 Words

Abby Yates Stukel AP Language and Composition 19 October 2014 The Harry Potter series is arguably the most well known sequence of books and movies of all time. Harry, a heroic wizard, is portrayed as a Christ figure throughout the series, assisting friends, family, and strangers before himself. He is also marked by the wound of another with a scar, and that disfigurement defines him as a person to those who may be unfamiliar to him. He possesses some of the qualities of another fictional character, written about over two centuries before him. Hester Prynne is marked by her scarlet letter, giving people a preconceived notion about who she is, similar to Harry’s iconic scar. She also puts others before herself, including those who had betrayed her trust (Dimmesdale), similar to Harry saving his enemy Draco from being engulfed in flame in the seventh installment of the series. These acts of selflessness shown by these characters resemble the actions of Christ, and allude back to the Bible. In The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne alludes to Christianity and the Bible to expose the Puritan’s rigid dogmatism that fails to appreciate his endorsement of love, tolerance, and mercy prevalent throughout the novel. Hawthorne uses images of Biblical figures throughout the story to expose the harshness of Puritan judgment and ironically highlight the sinner. The opening chapter of the novel describes the prison in which Hester and her daughter Pearl are detained. On one side ofShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book The Scarlet Letter 2314 Words   |  10 PagesKatya Flaska American Literature Period 5 10 August 2014 The Scarlet Letter Book Analysis 1. The book is The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorn. The genre of the novel is historical fiction. 2. The preamble describes how the book came to be written. The narrator was a surveyor of the customhouse in Salem, where he discovered documents he used to write the story. He uncovered a manuscript with a scarlet â€Å"A†, which contained the events recorded by a previous surveyor in the 1600s. When the narratorRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Scarlet Letter 1120 Words   |  5 Pages From the very first chapter, the Scarlet Letter guides readers on a journey that explores the darkness of the human heart and redemption from sin. It is in the Massachusetts Bay Colony that we introduced to a trio of characters interconnected by their sins: an adulteress, a minister and a physician. The adulteress is a woman named Hester Prynne who, as punishment for her transgressions, must wear a scarlet A on chest and is shunned by her community. Yet, Hester s eventual acceptance of herRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Scarlet Letter 1404 Words   |  6 Pageswhere the scarlet lett er, A, is an extended metaphor that symbolizes a multitude of things: adultery, sin, charity, righteousness, grace, and the danger of merely thinking symbolically. It also compares and contrasts the current states of Prynne, Arthur Dimmesdale, and Arthur Chillingworth. With this, it has a logical progression to the book’s ultimate conclusion. This section can be done in a bulleted format with brief (2-3 sentences) summaries by chapter if that works for the book. Chapter 1:Read MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Scarlet Letter 1143 Words   |  5 PagesIn the book,The Scarlet Letter, there are many questions that grab the reader’s attention. One of the most intriguing and thought ­provoking question is, â€Å"Is Hester Prynne a good mother and should she be allowed to keep Pearl?† This question does not have a simple yes or no answer, the reader must take into account many things the author mentions in the book. However, after careful consideration, one might find that Hester is not, in fact, a good mother, but should be allowed to keep Pearl. ThereRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Scarlet Letter 1141 Words   |  5 PagesBlake Allison P#1 AP NOVEL FORM 1. Title: The Scarlet Letter 2. Author and date of first publication: Nathaniel Hawthorne, 1850 3. List four main characters with a one-sentence description of each. a. Hester Prynne- Hester Prynne, the protagonist and wearer of the scarlet letter, is a very independent, loving, intelligent, and at times depressed woman who is the mother of Pearl. b. Arthur Dimmesdale- Arthur Dimmesdale, the father of Pearl, is a reverend in town who is greatly honored forRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Scarlet Letter 1563 Words   |  7 PagesReading The Scarlet Letter again, I imagine Hester Prynne as she steps out of the Boston jail. She carries her out-of-wedlock baby in her arms but does not hide the A she wears on her breast. Her crime, though it will never be named in the book by more than an initial, is placed on exhibition. Yet she has converted the letter into her own statement by fantastic flourishes of gold embroidery. She is a mystery beyond the reach not only of her fellow Bostonians but also of the readerRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Scarlet Letter 1628 Words   |  7 PagesThe book, The Scarlet Letter, is about the struggle three people face while trying to live their lives and find happiness. In the early 1640s, Hester has come to the small town of Boston, Massachusetts, while her husband, Chillingworth, w as back in Great Britain. Hester and Arthur Dimmesdale, the town s priest, engage in the act of adultery and have a baby girl named Pearl, though only Hester knows that Dimmesdale is the father. She has promised Dimmesdale not to give up his identity. HesterRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Scarlet Letter 1184 Words   |  5 PagesAs I began my summer reading assignment I wasn’t too amused at the beginning chapters of the â€Å"Scarlet Letter,† With Hawthorne throwing around words like â€Å"quietude† I wasn’t sure if it was truly the difference in his old English speech, or if he was tossing in obscure words just to send people looking through their dictionaries to find out if he had, in fact, made the word up, or not. But, as I delved deeper into Hawthorn’s work I found a brilliant story with some of the richest charactersRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Scarlet Letter Essay1022 Words   |  5 Pagesand women was even more prominent and obvious during the antebellum era. In The Scarlet Letter By Nathanial Hawthorne there was Hester Prynne and in The Two Offers By Frances Ellen Watkins Harper, there was Janette Alston. Both of these women, rose above the rest, through adversity, hardship, and against all odds still came out on top, even during a time period that didn’t appreciate a strong woman. In â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†, Hester Prynne, was thrown in jail and forced to wear a symbol of her sin andRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Scarlet Letter 2029 Words   |  9 PagesThe Evolution of the A in The Scarlet Letter â€Å"So, in the course of the novel, the ‘A’ seems to encompass the entire range of human beingness, from the earthly and passionate ‘adulteress’ to the pure and spiritual ‘angel,’ taking into account everything in between,† begins Claudia Durst Johnson (128). Many believe the A in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter possesses only one meaning - adulterer; however, Hawthorne imbues the symbolic letter with diverse definitions. In the novel, Hawthorne

International Tourism

Question: Critical Analysis of Tourism Destination: Singapore. Answer: Introduction This case study is all about performing a critical assessment of the target destination Singapore. Singapore is known as a tourism destination and the focus of this study is aimed at analysing different aspects related to the performance of tourism industry across the country. In performing such analysis, the important aspects that would be considered for discussion includes the identification of factors that makes tourism attractive to visitors, major issues that are evident within the Singapore tourism industry and an assessment of the positive and negative aspects as prevalent within Australian tourism. Finally, the ways in which sustainability in the tourism can be achieved will be identified. Critical Analysis of Tourism Destination: Singapore An analysis of Singapore economy indicates that it is identified as a favourite tourism destination for tourists from across the world. Singapore has accomplished the position as highly favourable tourism spot for couples. The tourism industry of Singapore is identified as a mega industry and the statistics shows that there are 15231469 international tourists that have visited across Singapore in 2015 (Hui Wan, 2009). This number represent more than three times of the entire Singapore population. The important factor that is noted especially in respect to the performance of Singapore tourism industry indicates that the tourism destination has been highly efficient in terms of attracting tourists from across the world. It includes tourists from Asia, America, Europe, Oceania, Africa and other parts of the world and this signifies that there have been tourists from across the world that is attracted in Singapore (Hui Wan, 2009). The growth in the number of tourists visiting the desti nation is increasing over years, and the trend is identified from the table as indicated below: Year Tourism Arrivals [1]Percentage change from previous year 2010 11,641,700 20.20% 2011 13,171,303 13.10% 2012 14,496,091 10.10% 2013 15,567,923 7.40% 2014 15,095,152 -3% 2015 15,231,469 0.90% The growth above shows that there has been increasing number of tourists visiting across the country but the recent years have shown a relative smaller growth as compared to previous year. A critical assessment of the Singapore as a tourism destination shows there are various major attractive points and factors that attract tourists from across the world to visit the country. Some of these important features as identified are good shopping orientation to people, experience of island resort to visitors, distinctive cultural and historical landmarks across the nation, beautiful nature sightseeing, good dinning opportunity and different types of tourist events that are being carried out throughout the year (Joan 2015). This shows that majority of the tourism attributes are present across the Singapore tourism, which is the principle factor that leads to rising in the tourists visiting across the country. Overall Singapore is identified as a favourable tourism destination among tourists because of a wide range of facilities and opportunities as available for tourists. Destination Attractive to Tourists Singapore is identified as a highly attractive destination among tourists from across the world. The most significant are the high-class infrastructure across the country, which mainly includes high-class building and shopping malls (Joan 2015). Shopping is an important feature of Singapore tourism, as branded goods from all major brands are easily available to visitors (Joan 2015). Secondly, the natural beauty is an important feature of Singapore as an attractive stop for tourism, and this mainly includes islands, beaches that that have become the attractive factor to tourists, Lavishing accommodation with luxury class stay, cleanliness, good accommodation opportunities and a higher level of safety and security. These are considered as the major attractiveness that attracts people to visit Singapore (Joan 2015). Multiculturalism is also identified as a leisure tourism spot, and there has been higher level of emphasis of the Singapore government. The Singapore government has contribu ted towards attracting tourists from across the world and it has various marketing plans and actions that act as a major attractive factor to tourists because the governmental support is a major factor altering the decisions of tourists in selecting a tourism destination (Joan 2015). Leisure, as well as business support, is adequately provided as Singapore economy is lashed with the advanced technological system. Thus, it caters to the needs and requirements of diverse visitors, and this is, therefore, a major motivational factor for both the leisure class and the business class people to travel to Singapore. Important Issues Related to the Tourism Development across Destination An analysis of the tourism destination Singapore indicated that the economy is identified as a popular tourism destination. There have been visitors from world that visits Singapore and over years, it has been able to manage significant number of visitors from worldwide. Despite being highly advanced and developed region, there are challenges that are faced currently by Singapore with respect to its tourism development and growth (Tan Tan, 2013). The major challenge to Singapore is mainly its strong dollar performance and it is a major discouraging factor to tourists from across the world in selecting Singapore over others (Henderson et al., 2011). The prediction further indicates that Singapore currency is also identified to perform strongly and this leaves the tourism industry of the economy at a major disadvantageous point and act as a major barrier to its growth and development (Teo Chang, 2012). The costly factor is, therefore, a challenging factor to Singapore regarding accom plishing enhanced performance levels (Chaney Ryan, 2012). Apart from the costly factor, another major factor that is identified as challenging to the efficient performance of the Singapore economy is mainly the competition level posed by the other major tourism destinations nearby to it (Horng Tsai, 2012). The other major destinations such as Malaysia, Thailand, and Australia poses significant such challenges to the efficient performance of Singapore tourism, as these economies are relatively cheaper as compared to that of Singapore economy (Challenging year ahead for tourism industry 2016). These competitive market forces have significant impact over the performance of Singapore tourism industry (Challenging year ahead for tourism industry, 2016). It is not only the competition from other destination, but a major issue has been identified that can affect the performance of Singapore tourism destination. This major issue is mainly the labour shortages (Challenging year ahead for tourism industry 2016). Labour is needed on every major sector, and this is essential for the Singapore tourism industry because Singapore portrays itself as a clean and safe tourism destination County (Joan 2014). In order to maintain its position, the role of labour is crucial, but there have shortages predicted, and this is likely to have an adverse impact on its performance (Joan, 2014). Another major challenge ahead of Singapore tourism industry is to pace itself better as compared to the changes that are taking place in the external environment. According to Prime Minister Lee HsienLoong, it is essential for the Singapore to grow its tourism industry by way of raising the quality level of experience to customers and by way of valuing every tourist visiting country (Joan 2014). Prime Minister said that simply focusing on increasing number of tourist will not work for the Australian tourism industry. Another major significant challenge as noted in respect to the efficient performance of tourism industry of Singapore is the weakness in the global economy. This particular factor is also having a severe level of threat to the efficient growth and development of the Singapore tourism industry (Joan, 2014). For example- the decline in the Chinese and US markets and the uncertainties with respect to ongoing reforms in China and monetary condition normalisation in the USA has been a major contributing factor to inefficiencies with respect to the tourism sector performance in Singapore (Joan 2014). Thus, the performance across the global arena is also adversely affecting the performance of Singapore tourism industry in a direct manner. The trend in respect to Singapore tourism also shows that there has been little overall emphasis being placed especially respect to attracting business class travellers (Joan 2014). This is also identified as a major factor that has acted as a challenge to achieving development with respect to the tourism industry at large as business sector represent a major sector to the efficient performance of the tourism industry in Singapore. (Joan 2014). Analysis indicates that Singapore presents itself as a destination for business class travellers as well, through incorporating the advanced technological support and assistance to the business class people. Despite this, there has been decreasing level of business class people travelling to Singapore and this is regarded as a major challenging factor to the efficient performance and growth of Singapore Tourism (Joan 2014). Overall, the analysis as carried out above signifies that there are various such challenges and problems that have been identified in respect to the growth and development of Singapore tourism sector. It is, therefore, essential that there should be significant such measure that should be considered to achieve effectiveness in respect to this particular area of tourism to achieve a further level of effectiveness and efficiency in its performance. Negative and Positive Effect on Host Community As Singapore is identified to have been a tourism destination, there are people from all across the world that are visiting the economy as a part of their tourism country. However, an analysis indicates that there is both the positive as well as negative impact faced by the local community people because of such tourism development. The important positive, as well as negative impact on the local community, are discussed as follows Positive Effect: The positive effect on the local community groups across Singapore from the tourism development across the country is identified in terms of increasing opportunities to earn higher by selling their products and services to the international visitors. Since shopping is identified as an important feature of Singapore tourism, the international tourism positively involves in the purchasing process, and this is a favourable factor for the community groups in achieving higher growth and success (PawitraKay Tan, 2003). Apart from this, there are significant such governmental initiatives in the form of local economy development that have been considered. Singapore government is positively engaged in enhancing the brand image and reputation of Singapore economy as a favourable tourism destination because this sector accounts for significant contribution to the economys GDP growth and performance (PawitraKay Tan 2003). Such government initiatives have become a positive or su pportive factor to ensuring positive development of the local community group as well. This is quite a significant factor in assisting the local community people, as economys development in terms of enhanced healthcare system is beneficial to them, as they also get access to better quality care and support in the economy. As suggested by Hui and Wan (2009) there has been significant healthcare reform that has been identified with respect to the performance of health sector across Singapore, and this is quite a significant factor affecting the performance and development of local people across the country. Thus, the developments that are possible because of promoting tourism destination by the local government are positively affecting the performance of local community in terms of better accessibility to different areas of their business activity and processes (Hui and Wan 2009) Negative Factor: Apart from the positive level of impact noted in respect to the performance of local community from the developments that are taking place, there are negative factors that are also witnessed in respect to it (Holiday 2013). The negative factor to the local community group people in Singapore because of tourism development is identified in terms of increasing pollution levels across the country and this is identified, as a negative factor affecting the performance of locals heath condition (Holiday, 2013). The increasing number of visitors to the country has resulted in increased overall usage of vehicles and transportation, which in turn has negatively contributed towards the environmental performance. The resulting impact of increasing pollution level is negative in the local community people in terms of their adverse health performance condition (Holiday, 2013). It is crucial that there must be initiatives considered aimed at accomplishing better management of the health condition of the local community. Another major factor that has adversely affected the local community people across Singapore from the development of tourism sector across the economy is mainly the loss of local customs, values, and beliefs (Joan 2014). These local cultural values are highly diluted because of the involvement of diverse cultural people from diverse backgrounds. Apart from this, the growth in the tourism industry in Singapore has resulted in increasing consumption of resources (Joan 2014). These include all kinds of resources such as water resources, electricity consumption and there has been rise in the overall pollution from the tourists polluting the country environment. The local community people sustain the resulting impact of all these factors. These can be regarded as the major negative aspects noted in respect to the Singapore economy and the local community people from the development of tourism sectors in the economy (Joan, 2014). The analysis above indicated that the growth in the tourism in Singapore has contributed in a positive as well as the negative manner and the impact has been profound on the performance of local community group across the country. Achieving Sustainable Development of Singapore Tourism It is essential that there must be higher level of sustainability that must be accomplished in respect to the performance of overall tourism industry across the economy. This requires proper policies aimed at encouraging sustainability throughout the industry concerned. There are four different policies considered appropriate in this context and these are: Higher tax on Hotels: This sustainability policy is crucial from the point of view of assisting the performance of tourism industry in a sustainable manner. This is mainly because hotels account for direct level of implication in terms of consumption of higher overall resources. Hence putting a double or higher taxation system could be useful in encouraging hotels to consumer less power and resource (Joan, 2014). Penalties on Polluting Environment: There can be penalties on the polluting environment for the tourists so that they can be restricted from taking such actions aimed at polluting the environment. This is an important policy requirement that is essential to consider from the point of view of achieving efficient and sustainable performance (Henderson, HermesmYip, 2010). Promotion of Recycling Strategies: There can be the positive application of this particular strategy of recycling that can be encouraged so that sustainability can be achieved in operations. The hospitality and other businesses that are directly engaged in serving the needs and expectation of tourists should be required to adapt recycling strategy and must try to recycle the processes and activities that allow for such application of recycling strategy (PawitraKay Tan, 2003). Fuel Efficient or Electric Energy Efficient Cars: It is essential that there should be the application of fuel-efficient cars that must be performed in achieving minimal or no impact on the environment. This is quite a significant factor aimed at accomplishing enhanced performance levels towards the environment so that it can be restricted from being polluted (Joan, 2014). These are some major policies and initiatives that are essential from the point of view of encouraging a positive level of performance aimed at accomplishing a higher level of effectiveness and sustainability. References Challenging year ahead for tourism industry, 2016 [Online]. Chaney, S., Ryan, C. (2012). Analyzing the evolution of Singapore's World Gourmet Summit: An example of gastronomic tourism.International journal of hospitality management,31(2), 309-318. Henderson, J.C., Hermesm, K.F. Yip, L.S. 2010, Sports events and tourism: the Singapore Formula One Grand Prix,International Journal of Event and Festival Management, Vol. 1Iss 1 pp. 60 73 Henderson, J. C., Chee, L., Mun, C. N., Lee, C. (2011). Shopping, tourism and retailing in Singapore.Managing Leisure,16(1), 36-48. Holiday, K. 2013. Singapore Air Pollution Hits All-Time High [Online]. Horng, J. S., Tsai, C. T. (2012). Exploring marketing strategies for culinary tourism in Hong Kong and Singapore.Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research,17(3), 277-300. Hui, T. Wan, D 2009 Health-care tourism in Singapore, in Joseph S. Chen (ed.) Advances in Hospitality and Leisure (Advances in Hospitality and Leisure, Volume 5) Emerald Group Publishing Limited, pp.109 123 Joan, C. 2014 Tourism and Development in Singapore, in Eduardo Fayos-sol , Maria D. Alvarez , Chris Cooper (ed.) Tourism as an Instrument for Development: A Theoretical and Practical Study (Bridging Tourism Theory and Practice, Volume 5) Emerald Group Publishing Limited, pp.169 181 Joan, 2015 Destination development and transformation: 50 years of tourism after independence in Singapore, International Journal of Tourism Cities, Vol. 1Iss 4 pp. 269 - 281 Lin, M. 2014. Singapore's tourism industry can expect new challenges in the next 50 years: PM Lee [Online]. PawitraKay, T.A. Tan, C. 2003 Tourist satisfaction in Singapore a perspective from Indonesian tourists,Managing Service Quality: An International Journal, Vol. 13Iss 5 pp. 399 411 Tan, S. H., Tan, S. K. (2013). Research note: Are Singapore's tourism markets converging with structural breaks?.Tourism Economics,19(1), 209-216. Teo, P., Chang, T. C. (2012). Singapore: tourism development in.Tourism in south and southeast Asia, 117.

Effects of Video Games to the Academic Performance free essay sample

Effects of Video Games to the Academic Performance of Second year High School Students of Miraculous Medal School, School Year 2010-2011 The Problem and its Setting Introduction A video game is an electronic game that involves interaction with a user interface to generate visual feedback on a video device. Different platforms can be used to play video games, an example is personal computers. Video games typically use other ways of providing interaction and information to the players allowing them to feel like they’re really in to the game allowing it to be more addictive and fun. Video games, like most other media, may be categorized into genres based on many factors such as method of game play, types of goals, art style and more. Because genres are dependent on content for definition, genres have changed and evolved as newer styles of video games have come into existence. Ever advancing technology and production values related to video game development have fostered more life-like and complex games which have in turn introduced or enhanced genre possibilities (e. g. virtual pets), pushed the boundaries of existing video gaming or in some cases add new possibilities in play (such as that seen with titles specifically designed for devices like Sonys Eye Toy). Some genres represent combinations of others, such as massively multiplayer online role-playing games, or, more commonly, MMORPGs. It is also common to see higher level genre terms that are collective in nature across all other genres such as with action, music/rhythm or horror-themed video games. (Wikipedia) In the past, academic performance was often measured more by ear than today. Teachers observations made up the bulk of the assessment, and todays summation, or numerical, method of determining how well a student is performing is a fairly recent invention. Grading systems came into existence in America in the late Victorian period, and were initially criticized due to high subjectivity. Different teachers valued different aspects of learning more highly than others, and although some standardization was attempted in order to make the system fairer, the problem continued. Today, changes have been made to incorporate differentiation for individual students abilities, and exploration of alternate methods of measuring performance is ongoing. The tracking of academic performance fulfills a number of purposes. Areas of achievement and failure in a students academic career need to be evaluated in order to foster improvement and make full use of the learning process. Results provide a framework for talking about how students fare in school, and a constant standard to which all students are held. Performance results also allow students to be ranked and sorted on a scale that is numerically obvious, minimizing complaints by holding teachers and schools accountable for the components of each and every grade. Unfortunately, playing video games may have an effect on the academic performance of students if ever they will not balance their time between playing video games and having advance studies for their lessons at school. This study is conducted to explore the specific effects of video games to the academic performance of the second year high school. Statement of the Purpose This study aims to present the effects of playing video games on the academic performance of the second year students of Miraculous Medal School. Specifically, this study seeks to: 1. Identify the specific effects of video games to the academic performance of the second year students. 2. Point out the advantages and disadvantages of video games to the second year students. Significance of the Study Playing video games has a relative effect on the students. According to Robert Weis, a psychologist from Denison University of Ohio, students who play video games have lower performance in school than students who don’t play video games. Further research by Angeles Llorca Diez from the Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic, and Corporal Expression at the University of Granada, along with professors Dolores Alvarez Rodriquez(University of Granada) and Angeles Diez Sanchez university of Salamanca) claims that video games doesn’t have effects on the academic performance of students. In fact, their research claims that video games can have a very positive effect on the academics of students, when used in moderation. The other researches that have been conducted are commonly focused on the behavioral effects of children when playing video games. These studies also focus on the negative effects of playing video games. There are also studies that say video games can be very addicting. The studies of Robert Weis and Angeles Llorca Diez together with professors Dolores and Angeles says that when students focus more on playing video games, they can have a negative effect on their performance in school but if there will be moderation in playing it can also have positive effects on students. This study is important because it can help in solving the problems of students in their academic performance. The low performance of students in school can easily solved and probably changes can be seen in the performance of students in school. Also this will help students to be motivated to lessen their time in playing video games for them to be able to have higher grades in school. And this will be a big help to parents and teachers alike, for they will be able to formulate strategies in handling students to avoid so much video game playing. Explanation on the Conceptual Framework Video games is one of the most famous and most used by the youth today.

Company Supply Chain of Amazon and Mobil Oil

Free Essays on Distinctive Poems

worth, nature was like his lover when he was a little boy. â€Å"The coarser pleasures of my boyish days† is where he reflects back on the calming pleasures that he received (line 43). Nothing could satisfy his needs like nature could. He had a love for nature that no one else could fill. Now that he’s older, he looks at nature as a mother, always guiding him and putting his heart at ease. Whenever he is in despair or when he is feeling down, he would just lose himself in nature. Nature is like a mother that places her child’s head on her shoulder an... Free Essays on Distinctive Poems Free Essays on Distinctive Poems Romantic literature has three distinctive characteristics which include a persistent reference to Nature and her influence, intimate self-revelation of the poet’s emotions, and the use of contraries. Each one of these characteristics are displayed in the three following poems: Wordsworth’s Tintern Abbey, Coleridge’s Dejection: An Ode, and Keats’ The Eve of St. Agnes. The references to nature are evident in all of these poems, but the most clear is in Tintern Abbey. The self-revelation is exhibited in Dejection and the contraries are displayed all throughout The Eve of St. Agnes. In Tintern Abbey, Wordsworth reflects on the time when he and his sister would go to the banks in Tintern Abbey and he would just enjoy nature. His first reference to nature is when he was standing on the cliff watching the waterfalls and he placed him it a state of â€Å"deep seclusion† ( line 7). Wordsworth expresses his feelings about color green that he sees all around him. The color green represents rebirth or growth and with it being all throughout the banks, that would mean that everything is continuing to grow and reproduce. In line 30, he says that nature gives him a tranquil restoration. He is calm and at peace with everything when he is in the wild and surrounded by nature. Wordsworth then says that a â€Å"serene and blessed mood† comes over him while he is around nature (line 41). To Wordsworth, nature was like his lover when he was a little boy. â€Å"The coarser pleasures of my boyish days† is where he reflects back on the calming pleasures that he received (line 43). Nothing could satisfy his needs like nature could. He had a love for nature that no one else could fill. Now that he’s older, he looks at nature as a mother, always guiding him and putting his heart at ease. Whenever he is in despair or when he is feeling down, he would just lose himself in nature. Nature is like a mother that places her child’s head on her shoulder an...

SECOND PART----Weekend Crime Reports Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

SECOND PART----Weekend Crime Reports - Assignment Example In addition, it is important to note that the paper has not taken crime as a blanket word to show different crimes. Instead, it has dealt with each crime and followed its trend so as to devise different methods of dealing with the particular misdemeanor. Introduction There are several kinds of crime in the area. The city is divided into East, West, North, and South. These sections in the town are characterized by crime whereas others are known for their lack of crime. This paper will point out these particular areas and the exact kinds of crime associated with these sections. It will also explain the patterns of criminal activity within the city. 1. Indeed, most people arrested on a typical night are charged with suspicious behavior. It is not a rare sight to see suspicious people walking around the street. This is especially so for weekends. It is during weekends that people tend to consume alcohol more than usual thus roam around the streets at odd hours looking suspicious (Pollock , 2011). However, on N 1st Avenue the suspicious movements are more than usual. This could be because there is a high concentration of bars around that area. It is also important to note that the suspicious people could also homeless people. This is because homeless people who roam around at night because they do not have anywhere to sleep. It is also important to note that some streets also do not report any incidences of suspicious people. N3rd Avenue, S 2nd Avenue, S 3rd Avenue, S9th Avenue and S 10th Avenue. This can be explained by the fact that these areas are inhabited by people of a low economic status. They are used to having people roam the streets at night and thus do not pay attention. (2008). 2. Burglaries are common in the second shift that runs from evening to late night. The hours between 7pm and 11pm are most susceptible to burglary. This is because at this time there are several people still walking the streets. It is indeed a convenient time for thieves to carry o ut their offenses. In addition, it is important to mention that burglaries are more common at night than during the day. This can be explained by the cover of darkness (Pollock, 2011). Acts of crime are likely to be committed at night than during the day. 3. Cases of domestic violence are however very unpopular within the city. They are rare to come by. Out of the five incidences reported over the weekend, three were reported within the Southern part of the city. Thus, it can be concluded that domestic violence is rare and when it happens it has is random and follows no particular pattern. 4. All crimes seem to be more concentrated in the North region, in particular the North West region in the city. The streets between the 1st and 6th seem to be most prone to criminal activity. This can be explained by the rich people inhabiting this part of the city as well as the gangs (Clarke, 2004). They are also likely to quickly report any bizarre activities within the town. Another explanati on would be that since it is an affluent neighborhood, it is rich ground for criminal acts. It would be recommended that more patrols be deployed to these particular streets. Carjacking are more rampant in the North of the city. Homicides are only found in the North West parts of the city. This could be explained by the gangs. The only robbery was reported in the North West part of the city. DUIs were common in between the Eastern and Western parts of the north

Lightinthebox Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Lightinthebox - Essay Example However, prior to placing orders, it is important for customers to thoroughly review the store’s return policies. The products that this online shopping centre deals in include women’s clothing, dresses, electronics, and shoes among other product categories that may interest customers. Online shopping mainly denotes purchasing products or other services via the internet. This type of shopping is now popular across the globe as a result of advancement in the use of ICT, it is considered to be convenient and also attract lower prices. This is more so during the holiday season where shoppers are able to avoid the hectic process of visiting several stores physically or standing in long queues in order to purchase a certain item (.Jifeng, Sulin & Han 2012, p.1131). This paper provides a critical discussion of the business of Lightinthebox.com, an online shopping store. This online shopping store mainly sells goods produced in China to other parts of the world. The products that this online store retail are considered to be affordable and targets every hobby or lifestyle by customers across the globe. At the moment, the products that the store retails include home improvement, fashion, beauty products and electronics among other products that are on high demand globally. Lightinthebox.com provides customers with an easy way of shopping; thus, allowing customers to cut on unnecessary costs for purchasing a product in the conventional stores. The store has different payment options that provide convenience to customers across the world. This includes the use of credit cards, wire transfers, PayPal or debit cards to make payment (Panda & Narayan 2013, p.52). As a strategy the availability of a wide range of payment options is meant to allow customers to select the method that they prefer. Further, the online store relies on a technology offers maximum security for customer information related to payment

Political Contributions by Corporations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Political Contributions by Corporations - Essay Example Second, the evidence suggests that in many cases the desired political favors have been and are granted. More specifically, the data demonstrates a correlation between political contributions and benefits allocated among corporations. Finally, with respect to the effect of this link between political contributions and favors granted, the literature suggests some positive characteristics as well as some negative characteristics. Some corporations, for instance, have been granted special access to international markets that generates profits and some employment benefits for Americans whereas some corporations have abused the benefits conferred upon them to the detriment of Americans more generally. This paper will examine the case of Enron because this case is illustrative of the many issues surrounding political contributions by corporations; to be sure, the Enron case is one of extremes, not experienced in all cases, but these extremes demonstrate the dangers inherent in unregulated or poorly regulated systems for dealing with political contributions by corporations. ... From a conceptual framework, scholars have approached connections between corporations and politicians in a variety of ways. Some, for example, have examined how connections to politicians affect a corporation's underlying valuation or stock prices (Faccio and Parsley, 2006). The research has found a correlation between certain connections, whether in the form of lobbying or direct political contributions, and this data is well-known by corporations and corporate decisions makers. Because the value of stock prices can be sustained or increased, to some degree, by pursuing political connections, corporate executives are keen to align themselves with some or many politicians. In addition, scholars have also approached the connections between corporations and politicians by noting which corporations have been bailed out with government funds during periods of economic distress, and the extant of the political contributions made by these bailed-out corporations; interestingly enough, the data demonstrates that corporations with stronger political connections, whether in the form of lobbying or political contributions, are more likely to receive governmental bailouts than corporations with less substantial political connections (Faccio, Masulis, and McConnell, 2006). Two other areas of inquiry, of particular relevance in the Enron case, are how connections between political contributions by corporations to politicians affect its export business and its corporate sales through government contracts (Agrawal and Knoeber, 2001) as well as the ability of such corporations to secure certain tax benefits at the state or federal level (Gupta and Swenson, 2003). A review of the literature, therefore demonstrates that there are many important reasons for corporations to

Ideologies of Management

Ideologies of Management The extent of complexity in the organisational management processes requires many questions to be raised in the pursuit of effective strategy for management HRM and employees relation. For managers, what important is the know-how, what, why and how to take the right decisions and how to release these decisions to employees. For them, the challenge is how to use the information gathered and also know how to ignore it. Also, their challenge focuses on how to mix being competitors and being evolver, how to face this complex and non-linear dynamics of the business environment and stay lean and agile. The dilemma is to keep the relation to employees in a good state such that motivation and satisfaction are the status quo, meanwhile the common good for the business is realised. This is why, tangible and intangible have been mixed, and this is why many call for human factor and conscious to play a role. This is difficult, but not impossible, the evidence is produced by Brown and Eisenhardt (1998) quoting companies such as Nike, Microsoft, Virgin and others. Industrial relations are very much connected to the trade and workers unions history. At the beginning of the last century there was a leaning towards mass labour and their unions. Trade Unions moved from strength to strength until it started to collapse due to many unworthy tactics and unwelcome strikes which brought many industries to standstill situations. Governments, including the British government, started to attack militancy in trade unions. Industrial relation started to take new forms. Nowadays, many changes have occurred in industrial relations. Silva (1998) stated changes in industrial relations practices (rather than in institutions and systems) such as increased collective bargaining at enterprise level, flexibility in relation to forms of employment as well as in relation to working time and job functions have occurred as a result of such factors as heightened competition, rapid changes in products and processes and the increasing importance of skills, quality and prod uctivity. Management of todays organisations have the conviction that taking unilateral decision is in their own rights, and that it should not be challenged by employees, or even stakeholders. They consider that this is their duty to manage. The conviction follows the ideology of Unitarism. In this work, this notion of management will be discussed in the light of three ideologies which are Unitarism, Pluralism, and Marxism. However, I will start by looking at the concept of job regulation, which some see as the core of industrial relation. Then, the other parts of the question will be discussed within this context. The concept of job regulations in some authors views represents the core of industrial relations. Flanders (1965) stipulated that study of industrial relations should be limited to the institutions of job regulation. In this approach, (Oram, 1984) indicated that the human relations variable was given a relatively insignificant role in the explanation of behaviour in industrial relations. Although personal, or unstructured, relationships were acknowledged as being important, they were considered by Flanders to be outside the scope of industrial relations. Flanders (1965) made a distinction between internal and external job regulations. Internal job regulations are those rules and regulation that can be changed internally by management and subordinates without any outside authorisation. This internal regulation could be achieved unilaterally by the management or bilaterally through negotiation with employees. On the other hand external job regulations are those being imposed on the org anisation from outside agencies where they could be any third parties, state regulation or any outside stakeholders. Hence, it can be said that job regulations as such may forge the industrial relations and external job regulation may allow different forms of unions. As mentioned previously there are three perspectives on employment relations and these are Unitarism, Pluralism, and Marxism. Unitarism by definition has a set of characteristics. In Unitarism, the organization is considered as one unit that is working towards a single goal. It represents the happy family picture. It also follows that all members of the family, i.e. the organisation, are loyal. Unitalirsts do not believe in conflicts or disputes and they do not expect or accept it. Trade unions have no role to play in unitarism, no negotiations and no collective bargaining. Any of these issues would be considered a disruptive influence to the path of the organisation towards its goal. Management in Unitarism considers making unilateral decisions is the norm and any opposition to this is illogic and irrational. Unitarism has a paternalistic approach where it demands loyalty of all employees. Atkinson and Curtis (2004, p. 492) stated paternalistic approach to employee relations in many small companies was found to be largely still intact. The governments intention of developing partnerships in the employment relationship in order to promote greater fairness in the workplace has, to a significant extent, failed. Small companies may not be granting their employees all their statutory rights. The statement quoted indicates that in this approach there is a sense of unfairness in such ideology of unitarism, at least in the view of the author. Other authors such as Rodriguez and Rios (2007) see that paternalism is counterproductive to productivity. Rodriguez and Rios (2007, p. 356) stated Given this historical account, paternalism has been closely related to the traditional personalized social bond between a boss and his employees. The association also implies that paternalism and productivity are not compatible. In this paper we argue that some of the new modern labour bonds that are being established rise from the paternalistic womb. New fully modern bonds non paternalistic are present as well. Both are related to productivity under the condition that organizations act consistently with the premises under which the contracts are made. By consistent we mean non hypocritical relationships that realistically and sincerely take into account those premises to decide upon Human Resources management policies and practices. On the other hand, authors such as Lewis (1989) see that unitarism approach is what is required in the midst of recession. Lewis (1989) referred to Cressey and Mclnnes (1985) argue that the effect of the recession has been to downgrade the role of consultation. In the companies in which they reviewed the process of consultation, it was trivial and bland. Any lifeboat democracy, as they term it, brought about by the desire to improve co-operation in order to cope with the recession, is extremely fragile and will come to grief on the rocks of managerial prerogative. Moreover, some authors consider that unitarism is normal and required, for example Wilkinson, et al (1991) stated unitarism is an underlying theme which remains unquestioned. Implementation is se en as a matter of motivation, with the correct attitudes being instilled by simple training programmes. Black and Ackers (1998) termed the context of unitarism as looked upon in this investigation as macho management or direct control as a management style. The authors then referred to what they termed as new unitarism and indicated that there is now a shift towards such ideology. Black and Ackers (1998) suggest that management is shifting its emphasis, within the strategy of responsible autonomy, away from the shop stewards organisation towards the shop-floor worker. This involves a shift of issues from collective bargaining to consultation and an attempt to supplement or replace the workplace corporatism of the post-war period, with a greater stress on direct communications with and involvement of the shop floor. The new unitarism attempts to circumvent unions and restrict their scope rather than smashing them. In support of this Gunnigle (1992) views neo-unitarism as a unitarist perspective involving a range of HRM policies designed to eliminate employee need for collective representation. In this sense neo-unitarism is a diluted version of the old unitarism that is investigated here. The second perspective that will be discussed within the context of unilateral managerial decisions is pluralism. Keenoy and Anthony (1992) indicated that the 1970s debate about pluralism was centred on the appropriateness of pluralistic methods to the achievement of social justice; an ethical controversy regarding how the business organizations should be managed. Chigara (1995) indicated that Pluralism holds that employers and employees interests are diametrically opposed to each other, and that they are held in the balance by the common need of keeping the enterprise alive. For pluralists, the trade union is a welcome vehicle for communication. Oram (1984, p. 23) added to the above that Pluralists see trade unionism as merely one more example of a competitive pressure group which Western democratic society accommodates as a matter of course. Pluralists also see that within legal limits, trade union aspirations can be fulfilled sometimes by imposing their wishes in ways which manage ment may see as arbitrary. Trade unions are seen as presenting legitimate challenges to managerial rule with one outcome being in the form of agreed rules, regulating terms and conditions of employment. Dobson (1982) indicated that in the pluralist approach, it is implicit to industrial relations a great belief in the virtues of collective bargaining since it is the method which is used to resolve conflicts. Dobson (1982) stated that other forms of job regulation-especially unilateral regulation by employer, trade union and workgroup-are usually condemned, since they over-ride the interests of other groups. The author then aired the views of the critics to pluralism as stipulating that the legitimacy of collective bargaining is based on certain assumptions, most notably the assumption that all interest groups possess approximate equality of power, so that the eventual compromise reflects equal concessions by all the parties. Even the commonly used definition of collective bargaining of joint job regulation, seems to suggest equality between the parties. Dobson (1982) added that Critics of pluralism have argued that power is very rarely distributed equally, and since in the long run the employer can move his production and investment elsewhere, power is predominantly concentrated in the hands of the employer. For the very same reasons other researchers such as Gunnigle (1992) pointed out to the rise of Neo-pluralism. Gunnigle (1992) stated that Neo-pluralism presented a second type of HRM which involves moves towards greater consensualism and commitment in unionized companies. It is characterized by what might be termed a dualist approach, involving the use of HRM techniques such as direct communications with employees and performance related pay systems alongside established collective bargaining procedures. Pluralism then seem to think that organisation conflicts does exist and that employers and employees interests may be different, however, having accepted this they also accepted that these conflicts are resolvable and that trade unions and the process of collective bargaining are more than capable of attaining a resolution. This assumes that power is equally distributed between employers, employees and unions. Hence, collective bargaining works efficiently. However, researchers also doubt this assumption. Dobson (1982) disputed this unrealistic balance of power and stated A more realistic view of collective bargaining, which takes account of the varying power balances between employers and workers, would see collective bargaining straddling the continuum between unilateral worker regulation on the one hand and unilateral employer regulation on the other. Such an approach would bring into question the pluralist assumption that collective bargaining is necessarily good per se, for at the extremes of the continuum the substantive content of a collective agreement may be identical to that of a unilateral decision. Dobson as such dismisse d the application of collective bargaining as equal to unilateral decision within the imbalance of power that exists in reality. Ackers (1994) agrees with Dobsons view and stated Today, the narrow, institutional version of pluralism is unsustainable. Any view of industrial relations as simply collective bargaining would confine it to a minority activity in a declining sector of the economy. The third perspective on employment relationship is that of Marxism. Hyman (1975) is considered as the authority on Marxism in relation to industrial relations, albeit that he was criticized for being too theoretical in his approach. Wood (1976) referred to Davis criticising the work of Hyman as so abstract and general as to be almost worthless, in either theoretical or practical terms. Still, Hyman explain that worker grievances could only be expressed through collective bargaining and industrial actions. Barbash (2005) indicated that the Marxist model assumes the existence of class conflicts and it is built on the assumption of coalition formation. Marxism stipulates that coalition formation is based on classes that form from out of groups that are in the same authority position in the organisation. Marxism also assumes that classes are able to regulate conflicts and can bring change through negotiations. Marxists acknowledge unions but see the faults in them when in the interest o f workers they seek economic improvement rather than embarking on a revolutionary change and they accuse some unions and their members are subject to false consciousness and that they need to work towards their Leninist destiny. Marxists believes that capitalism creates and endorses monopolies and that capitalism has a powerful luring to the workers when they acquire some powers. Therefore the Marxism approach is to make a goal of overthrowing capitalism. It supports the notion that industrial relations are made by those that are involve in the production and gives the first importance to workers and their affair. It holds true that workers for capitalism are considered a burden on profit making. Marxists also held the view that workers contracts are imposed upon them and they do not enter to it freely and that makes them weak as individual and their strength is therefore lies in their coalition. Marxism sees conflict of interest between capital and workers and employment relations are formed through this conflict. Marxism also uphold the view that trade unions presents optimal solution for such conflicts and ironically Marxists views that institutions of joint regulation would enhance rather than limit managements position as they presume the continuation of capitalism rather than challenge it. From the above a conclusion can be drawn regarding the conviction of management that they have the right to unilateral decision making over human resource issues and that this right is legitimate and rational. It is obvious to many that the trade unions power has been in the last two decades in a decline state. Also, the power of collective bargaining has been in decline, especially after the rise of capitalism in Eastern Europe. The pluralistic approach was seen to be restrictive to the flair and individualistic behaviour of entrepreneurial organisations. Pluralism, whilst acknowledging the conflicts in employers and employees interests, it upholds the idea that survival of the organisation is the derived force to keep it going. Pluralists see trade unions are as presenting legitimate challenges to managerial rule and that it leads to a satisfactory outcome. In fact, each one of the two perspective unitarism and pluralism has its critics. For example, in unitarism there is no obviou s reason as why managers have the only say, and whether this is sensible. It can be argued against unitarism that it gives organisation values to managers and not to groups. If it is a fact of life that conflicts exist in organisations, unitarism does not seem to appreciate this. The same also could be said about pluralism, where it is based on assuming a balance of power that seldom exists in organisations. It also assumes that all conflicts are resolvable and that all those involved have no hidden agendas apart from the common good. It also assumes the full trust in each party; therefore it is unreal and impractical. In regard to Marxism, it was found, in my view, as a mere attack on capitalism and rejection of all of its principles based on naive attempt to show its drawbacks. Marxism hence, relay on giving power to unionists leaders and support the use of extreme measures to resolve conflicts. The concept of job regulations seems to be taken by many researchers as the centre for employment relations and that this relation is formed by both internal and external means. As such this concept may encapsulate all three perspectives in one as it contain unilateral, bilateral and collective as well as state efforts in forming the employment relation. In regard to the subject in question which discusses the unilateral decisions by managements over human resource issues and whether it is legitimate or not. I am of the opinion that it is unrealistic to think that management would allow such decisions to be made collectively. Even if on the face of it, they pretend that it is so. I found myself entirely agree with Lewis (1989) who stated The industrial relations debate about the reasons why management promote employee participation in decision making has run for many years. Much of the literature emphasises the theory that participation in the U.K. is more imagined than real. It gives employees the illusion of a say in organisational decision making whereas the reality is that management use the illusion as a mechanism for control of employees. In fact, this illusion is carried out everywhere and seems ingrained in any organisation. REFERENCES Ackers, P. (1994) Back to Basics? Industrial Relations and the Enterprise Culture. Employee Relations, 16(8), 32 47. Atkinson, C. And Curtis, S. (2004) The impact of Employment Regulation on The Employment Relationship in SMEs. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 11(4), 486 494. Black, J. and Ackers, P. (1998)The Japanisation of British Industry? A Case Study of Quality Circles in the Carpet Industry. Employee Relations, 10(6), 9-16. Barbash, K. (2005) Theories and Concepts in Comparative Industrial Relations. Blackwell. Brown, S. and Eisenhardt, K. (1998) Competing on The Edge. Harvard Business School Pr; ISBN: 0875847544. Chigara, B. (1995) Article 2 of Convention No.87: Precepts And Their Application A Global Assessment. Managerial Law, 37(6), 1-20. Cressey, P. and McInnes, J. (1985) The Recession and Industrial Relations. ESRC conference, University of Warwick, March 1985. Dobson, J. (1982) What is Good Industrial Relations? Employee Relations, 4(2), 5-10. Flanders, A. (1965) Industrial relations: what is wrong with the system? London: Faber. Gunnigle, P. (1992) Human Resource Management in Ireland. Employee Relations, 14(5), 5-22. 1 Hyman, R. (1975) Industrial Relations, a Marxist Introduction. Macmillan, 220. 2- Keenoy, T., Anthony, P. (1992) HRM: Metaphor, Meaning and Morality, in Blyton, P., Turnbull, P. (Eds), Reassessing Human Resource Management, London: Sage. 3- Lewis, P. (1989) Employee Participation in a Japanese-Owned British Electronics Factory: Reality or Symbolism? Employee Relations, 11(1), 3-9. 4- Oram, S. (1984) Industrial Relations and Ideology-An Alternative Approach. Employee Relations, 6(2), 22 26. 5- Rodriguez, D. And Rios, R. (2007) Latent premises of labor contracts: paternalism and productivity: Two cases from the banking industry in Chile. International Journal of Manpower, 28(5), 354 368. 6- Silva, S. (1998) Human Resource Management, Industrial Relations and Achieving Management Objectives. International Labour Organisation, ACT/EMP Publications. Available from: http://www.ilo.org. [Accessed: 24th October 2009]. 7- Wilkinson, A., Allen, P., and Snape, E. (1991) TQM and the Management of Labour. International Journal of Manpower, 12(6), 35-42. 8- Wood , S. (1976) The Radicalisation of Industrial Relations Theor. Personnel Review, 5(3), 52 57.

Analysis of A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens Essay -- essays re

â€Å"A Tale of Two Cities† by Charles Dickens is an artfully crafted tale that unabashedly tells the story of the injustice, the horror and the madness of the French Revolution. More than this, it is a story of one man’s redemption, one man who Dickens vividly portrays as being â€Å"a nobody†. This nobody had thrown away his life. â€Å"A Tale of Two Cities† is the tale of Sydney Carton and his full circle redemption. The first impression we get of Sydney Carton is not a pleasant one. â€Å"[Sydney Carton] sat leaning back, with his torn gown half off him, his untidy wig put on just as it happened to light on his head after removal, his hands in his pockets, and his eyes on the ceiling as they had been all day. Something especially reckless in his demeanor†¦gave him a disreputable look.† (p. 57) From this description we get the impression that Carton is a slacker and that he doesn’t care about appearances. We also learn that he is a drunk. â€Å" ‘You have had your bottle, I perceive, Sydney.’ ‘Two tonight, I think.’ † (p.66) Sydney is trying to find the answers for his problems in the wrong places and he has begun to give up hope. â€Å" He resorted to his pint of wine for consolation, drank it all in a few minutes and fell asleep on his arms, with his hair straggling over the table, and a long winding-sheet in the candle dripping down upon h im.† (p. 64) Sydney Carton is in bad shape. He is an alcoholic, he is depressed and he has nothing going for him. Before a chick is born, it must first break free of the shell that encases it. It only begins to chip once it realizes that breaking free is the only way to start a new life. In the same way Carton begins to take a serious look at who he is and what he has become. â€Å" ‘Do you particularly like the m... ...ounters a young, frightened seamstress. Carton takes her hand and commands her to never take her eyes off him. â€Å" ‘ Keep your eyes on me, dear child, and mind no other object.’ † (p. 291) Sydney Carton, had always been the follower, but now, he takes the lead in his own life. Amidst the chaos and the confusion of the crowd, Sydney Carton whispers his final words. â€Å" ‘It is a far, far better thing that I do, then I have ever done, it is a far, far better rest that I go to than I have ever known.† (p. 293) As the chick chips its shell to its final breaking free, Sydney Carton begins the journey of redemption and completely transforms himself. Carton ascends to the plane of heroism, using his death to save the lives of others. His own life thus gains meaning and value. â€Å"A Tale of Two Cities† is truly the tale of the miraculous redemption of one, ordinary â€Å"nobody.†

Paleolithic Age

The Stone Age Social Studies Mrs. Perez By: Alexander Colon 6th grade The Stone Age Now I think we can all admit that The Stone Age was not a good time to be living in the glory and all that. But I bet we would all be having some pretty good times with the things that you were able to do back then. So, let me explain some to you. During the Paleolithic age nomads grouped together into small societies called bands. They also subsisted by gathering plants, hunting, or scavenging wild animals. They did this by using wood or bones carved to use as weapons. They started to use stones in the Neolithic so I will get to that later.Other organic commodities were adapted for use as tools also like leather or vegetable fibers. Although the Paleolithic age is part of the Stone Age nomads did not use stones until the Neolithic age; I’ll get to that now. The beginning of the Neolithic culture is co0nsidered to be in the Levant about 10200-8800 BCE. It formed directly from the Epipaleolithic Nafutian culture in the region, whose people pioneered the use of wild cereals, which evolved into real farming. The Nafutian period was 12000-10200 BCE, and the so-called â€Å"proto-Neolithic â€Å"is now included in the PPNA between 10200-8800 BCE.As the Nafutians had become dependent on wild cereal in their diet and a sedentary way of life had begun among them, the climatic changes and associated with the younger dryas are thought to have forced people to have develop farming. There also were weapons made by stones, flint, and other materials. I did not include this in the intro, but the Mesolithic actually falls between the Neolithic and Paleolithic age. Did you know that in the Stone Age you did not have to have a license for anything? If you wanted to go kill a horse, slap somebody, or even throw a rock at somebody you can do it without anybody telling you so.The term Mesolithic was first used to post-Holocene, but pre-agricultural material in Norwest Europe about 10000-50 00 BCE. It is also an applied material in Levant. As you can see the Stone Age had some pretty fun things to do. You can grab a bow and arrow and hunt down a random animal; you can even go horse-back riding, or even play with fire, nobody cared what you did. There were no laws. Why heck you could have gotten married at the age of five. I guess I just explained to you that we all can have a good time in the Stone Age even if there was no television.

Origin of Israeli Conflict essays

Origin of Israeli Conflict essays The origin of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict can be traced back to the Balfour declaraition by Great Britain in 1917. Ironically the declaration called for the establishment of an independent Jewish state within Palestine, as long as the civil liberties of existing inhabitants were guaranteed. Seventy-five years later, is painfully obvious that these guarantees were never maintained. The state of Israel exists as a dominant overlord to the non-existent state of Palestine. Instead of two separate and equal states as stated in the Balfour declaration, we have one nation that has usurped the sovereignty of another. Israel maintains a stranglehold upon the Palestinians, and with its current right wing government, shows no signs of searching for peace. Thus the conflict will continue without the intervention of outside forces, to bring both parties to the peace table. The history of the conflict all relates to the way that the Israeli state was created. The Zionists didn't want to emigrate to the Holy land, they wanted their own separate homeland. After WWII, the British were pressured by Zionist interests to create a separate state within Palestine. In an odd twist of fate, the early Jewish settlers were forced into camps by the Palestinians. In an effort to remove the British from Palestine several Israeli underground gangs resorted to terrorism. They kidnapped and murdered British personnel, in an effort to get the British to turn over their mandate to the U.N. Their tactics were succesful, and in November of 1947 the U.N. Recommended that Palestine be partitioned and a new Jewish state be created. The borders that were created by the UN resolution were immediately unpopular with both sides. To the Arabs this was their home, and the Jews had no right to be there. The odd borders that were created between the two nations, served only to increase tensions between the two countries, rather than ease them as had been h...

Controversial Topic on SUVs.

Controversial Topic on SUVs. Controversial Topic Assignment.Why I Luv My SUV.Byline: Walter Kirn I feel bad for my black '97 Toyota Land Cruiser. All it ever wanted to do was serve meby blasting through snowdrifts, fording flooded driveways and pulling my wife's VW out of ditchesand in all these chores, it has succeeded splendidly, yet certain people hate it. They hate its kind. They accuse my Toyota and its beefy brethren of being wasteful, anti-social, dangerous and even of abetting terrorism. I'd like to think that the critics' hostility, like other forms of bigotry, stems from ignorancebecause they simply don't know my vehicle or the rugged Montana terrain it ranges over. But I sense that their anger has deeper roots. Some people just feel incomplete without an enemy, and as it grows increasingly unacceptable to show intolerance toward any group of humans, it becomes more tempting to condemn inanimate objects. They can't defend themselves.Toyota Land CruiserThey can't hire lawyers or take out full-page ads. So whether the butt of the latest self-righteous crusade is a cell phone, a double cheeseburger or a bottle of malt liquor, it has no choice but to sit there and take its beating. As the owner of an SUV, I feel duty-bound to speak up for my poor vehicleand for myself, since I feel beaten up too. Nothing takes the pleasure out of driving like the suspicion that at every four-way stop, someone in a fuel-efficient compact is sneering at my moral deficiencies. I might as well be wearing a scarlet letter (three of them, actually). I want to scream, "But I live on a dirt road! I have a farm! See all the mud on my fenders! I need this rig!" Experience, though, makes me doubt that such protests would do any good. When I was...

Critical Response Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Critical Response - Research Paper Example David Grindstaff’s Queering marriage: An Ideographic Interrogation of Heteronormative Subjectivity â€Å"maps the contemporary scene of heteronormative power and resistance through two rhetorical performances of gay male identity† using his and other theorists’ ideas. I totally agree with him when he said: â€Å"The recent controversy surrounding same-sex marriage marks the institution, practice, and concept of marriage as a significant site of power and resistance within American culture (p. 258)†. In my opinion, human rights apply to everybody regardless of gender, race, and preferences. Grindaff said that â€Å"†¦the decision to sanction same-sex marriage would extend legal and economic advantages to same-sex couples, which appears to carry the promise of social equality on a broader scale† (p. 258). I totally agree with him. There are advantages that married couples enjoy and when same-sex marriage is approved, it will be unfair for the cou ple not to enjoy such advantages. As Pastor Allen has shared: Though my partner and I had a commitment ceremony in 2003, and obtained a marriage license this past July in Washington D.C., we learned that marriage is more than our religious convictions and our commitment, but also about laws that will protect us. Marriage equality is not about religious rights, but the right to equal benefits. At the end of 2003, the U.S. Government Accountability Office identified 1,138 federal provisions where marital status is a factor in determining or receiving benefits, rights and privileges. These include next-of-kin hospital visits and medical decisions where one partner is too ill to be competent; automatic inheritance in the absence of a will and inheritance of jointly owned real and personal property through the right of survivorship. These benefits allow all marriages access to the social and emotional supports that can produce healthy families and communities (Same-sex marriage is about equality, not religion. August 2010). Wilson’s â€Å"conservative† response to Andrew Sullivan rejects same-sex marriage for purely symbolic reasons. He first locates his grounds for equating â€Å"heterosexual marriage† (identity) with procreation (act) in scripture: the Torah links â€Å"sex to procreation the highest standard by which to judge sexual relations† (p 159). In other words, heterosexual marriage, in its ideal or symbolic form, serves procreative purposes (p. 267). Although I must admit that this is true it does not mean I agree. There are couples who get married but do not have children on purpose and there are married couples who cannot have children for several reasons such as physical and financial. And there are people who opt to have children but never get married. Kristen Houghton said in her article, â€Å"The reality of the word "marriage" is a meeting of two minds and the joining of two lives. Husband and wife need not always beco me Daddy and Mommy. Decide how you want to live and be realistic about your expectations, your needs, and your wants. To become or not become parents is a personal

Board Governance and Volunteer Management in Nonprofits Term Paper

Board Governance and Volunteer Management in Nonprofits - Term Paper Example n should be run directly under the aegis of the board of governors who make all the decisions and decide what exactly the charter of the organization is going to be. They will understand the very basis of the management as well as the ways and means through which people are hired, jobs are assigned and tasks delegated to one another (Nelson 1997). The organizational plan also encompasses the relationships with similar nonprofit or for-profit organizations and how the two work along with one another to bring about a symbiotic association. The organizational plan for at-risk girls banks a great deal on the linkages of these organizations with each other, most of which deal specifically with the emphasis on at-risk schools and children (Barrett 1995). Also the manner in which the organization is going to operate on a regular basis, its functional costs, its pending issues and so on need to be taken care of at the highest level. These aspects are important as they mention each and every pointer in complete totality. The specific tools and strategies which the at-risk girls organization must make use of include the basis of its recruitment and selection, the manner in which new employees are hired, trained and then let off their jobs (removal from service). It also comprises of their orientation at the organization whilst being supervised by the employers themselves. The board members are chosen on a strict guideline where they are evaluated time and again as per their work basis. The non-governing volunteers and the employees who do pro bono work are also taken care of. Their selection is a very cumbersome process, but one that surely requires a stringent approach. These tools and strategies need to be drawn up in such a manner that there is complete accountability and clarity at all ranks, and no apprehensions are raised as such (Beeler 1994). At-risk girls organization is a nonprofit institution therefore it is necessary to find out how money will flow and how

Film review Argo Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Film review Argo - Research Paper Example The main character of Mendez is played by the director himself. The movie has received widespread success and is one of the best eleven movies of the year 2012. It was also nominated for a number of awards and also won many such nominations including the Oscars, Golden Globe along with other acclaimed awards. However many of the critiques have put forward that the movie diverts from the events that took place in real. This essay would compare the critiques of the different newspapers and would argue as to if these are logical enough to put down the story. The story revolves around the rescue and escape of six Americans from the American embassy when it was attacked by the Iranian revolutionaries. Although there were 52 Americans in the embassy when the attack happened, only 6 were able to escape through a back door and were then given a refuge in the home of the Canadian embassy. In order to save their lives, a CIA specialist made a plan to bring them safely back to their home. The p lan was to depict then 6 Americans as part of a Canadian film crew visiting Iran for a science fiction movie. However, due to certain mistakes on part of the group, the revolutionaries find out about the escape of these Americans. Due to limited time, the Americans had to be taken out of the country immediately. After certain last time escapes, the Americans are able to pass through airport security and reach home safely. However, the film has been criticized for being biased and not portraying the true facts of the actual events. According to The New Yorker, which is a US based newspaper, the film termed to idea of making a movie to rescue the six Americans as being ridiculous. It also comments on the representation of the Hollywood industry as being deceitful as well as the fake directors and actors which were hired for pure execution of their plan. It also shows severe criticism of the style showed during the film of the era in Iran. According to this article, the camera work is not up to the mark as well. As stated earlier, a movie based on historical events should show facts of the actual events but even this article states that this was not done so in this film. It includes that the real account of events as stated by Paul Mendez himself do not show any kind of a disruption or a problem during the passage of the hostages through the airport but the film follows a different storyline showing a number of events and actions in order to fill it with drama. The ending of the movie was also criticized for the same reasons as being far away from what actually happened. Overall, the movie did not receive a good review from The New Yorker in terms of the depiction of the actual events of the history (Film within a film, Web). According to The Telegraph of the UK, the strongest point of the movie is the execution of the storyline and the depiction of the Iranian revolutionaries. According to it, the recreation of the era is 1970s is exceptionally good as far as th e style of the actors is concerned. The dialogues are reviewed to be fast moving and appropriate with the scenes of US adopting a humorous approach whereas Iranian scenes were a bit serious based on the nature of events that took place. The talents of the director are praised, particularly the way he depicted and mixed the emotions of fear and violence. According to it, this movie may not have shown the facts of the act

Creativity versus Intelligence Essay Example for Free

Creativity versus Intelligence Essay I have been accepted by a research company, a company I have been dreaming to be a part of ever since I discovered that I have extreme interest for research and that I possess skills that only researchers have. My mother however has a bakeshop that I play a large role in; without me, my mom will be having excruciating difficulty running the business alone. As soon as I received the letter stating that I have been accepted to the part-time research job I applied for I went to the company downtown and spoke to the one in charge of the Human Resources division. I have been told that if I have finally decided to accept it, I should return for the contract to be signed. I left the research company and drove around town thinking of what I should do. As I was driving my mother called and told me to drop by at the bakeshop as soon as I can. When I arrived there a few minutes later she told me she’ll make an offer I could not refuse. She said she will promote me – from being an assistant baker to be the head, a dream which I have been yearning to attain as well. Creative Thinking Strategy I left the bakeshop to think. I called my best friend and told her I would like to brainstorm with her with regards to my dilemma. I am aware that in brainstorming I should: 1) â€Å"suspend judgment† or to make a final assessment or evaluation later; 2) â€Å"think freely† or to include countless options even though they are ridiculous or seemingly impossible to attain; 3) â€Å"tag on† or to develop and adapt the ideas of other individuals; and 4) come up with countless of ideas (Harris, 2002, n. p. ). This is what my best friend and I did: First, I â€Å"suspended judgment† by considering both accepting the job in the research company and taking the promotion in the bakeshop as excellent choices (Harris, 2002, n. p. ). This helps me avoid being biased on one over the other (Harris, 2002, n. p. ). This strategy plays a large role in balancing my options at least initially (Harris, 2002, n. p. ). Second, I engaged in â€Å"thinking freely† (Harris, 2002, n. p. ). This led me to come up with ridiculous options like â€Å"maybe I should give up both opportunities and focus on my studies first; maybe later I will have these chances knock up my door once more† and â€Å"maybe I should just ask my mother to wait until I finish my contract with the research company† (Harris, 2002, n. p. ). Third, I â€Å"tagged on† as well (Harris, 2002, n. p. ). I developed and adapted the idea of my best friend to just stay in the bakeshop since my mother needs me more than the research company (Harris, 2002, n. p. ). She said that I should be doing my responsibility first as a child before I attend to somebody else’s (Harris, 2002, n. p. ). I took this seriously and thought I should really pick this as the best option especially that it is our own business after all (Harris, 2002, n. p. ). The current generation, as well as, the succeeding generations will be the first ones to benefit from this if I just stay and help make it more successful (Harris, 2002, n. p. ). Finally, I listed down all the other options I have including taking both jobs and just go through everything successfully by employing time management and discipline (Harris, 2002, n. p. ). The Solution The option I have chosen is to accept the part-time job at the research company, as well as, the promotion at the bakeshop while attending college. I will do my best to carry out my responsibilities through time management as well as discipline. Reflection on the Difference between Intelligence and Creativity I realized that, indeed, â€Å"time pressure quashes creativity because it limits people’s freedom to ponder different options and directions† (Murray, 2002, p. 24). If the company obliged me to return there to sign the contract ASAP or if my mom pressured into deciding ASAP, I would not have thought clearly, I would not have gotten the chance to evaluate all the possible options that I have and would not get to pick the best alternative as well (Murray, 2002, p. 24). This also made me realize the difference between intelligence and creativity. Intelligence may be innate, it may be there when you need it; it may also be acquired through a good education. Intelligence is stored and may just be retrieved if necessary. Creativity on the hand may also be innate and may also be acquired; but it is different in such a way that unlike intelligence it cannot just be retrieved and utilized. There are other factors to consider for instance â€Å"time pressure†, this may get in the way of creativity (Ordonez et. al. , 1997, pp. 121 140). One may be intelligent but one cannot be too creative especially if he or she is under time pressure; in fact it has been concluded in a certain study that â€Å"†¦if one is crunched the less likely he or she will be able to solve a tricky problem† (Murray, 2002, p. 24). References Harris, R. (2002). Creative Thinking Techniques. Retrieved November 14, 2008 from http://www. virtualsalt. com/crebook2. htm Murray, B. (2002). A Ticking Clock Means a Creativity Drop. Retrieved November 14, 2008 from http://www. apa. org/monitor/nov02/tickingclock. html Ordonez, L Benson, L. (1997). Decision under Time Pressure: How Time Constraints Affects Risky Decision Making. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes (71) 2, 121 – 140.

Effects of the Hawthorne Studies Essay -- Business Management Human Re

The Hawthorne studies, which began in 1924 and ended in 1933, at the Western Electric Company, have produced controversy since its findings in 1939 were published in the book Management And The Worker. There were so many elements changed during the tests that many people disagree on the true factors that caused a rise in output. Was the rise in output due to the rise in money, or the factor of better human relations? Instead maybe the rise in output was due to the now famous term that came out of the studies known as the Hawthorne effect. Hopefully through this research, a better understanding of the factors that contributed to the rise in output can be determined, and ultimately how the Hawthorne studies impacted the future of business management. The Hawthorne studies developed when William Durgin of the Commonwealth Edison Company started conducting tests in 1918 to prove that different amounts of illumination would alter the amount of production in a company. "The results of these studies showed an increase in productivity of 10-20% with increases of light intensity" (Wrege, 1986, p. 24). Due to the success of these tests, the electric companies formed a committee with Thomas Edison as the chairman. And thus began the Illumination tests at Hawthorne in 1924. After three years of testing for illumination, the results concluded that illumination had little or no influence on production. Instead it was concluded that supervision if anything had an influence on output. In 1927 The Relay Assembly Room Tests began at Hawthorne. The study lasted nearly five years, making it the longest experiment conducted at Hawthorne. Selection of this department may have been an error by the team of observers. The Relay Assembly department ... ...rizons, Feb., Vol. 21 Issue 1, p31, 6p. Greenwood, G., Ronald. Wrege, D., Charles. (1986). The Hawthorne Studies. Academy of Management Proceedings, p24, 12p. McGregor, Douglas. (1960). The Human Side of Enterprise. New York: McGraw-Hill, pp.114. Shepard, M., John. (1971) On Alex Carey's Radical Criticism of the Hawthorne Studies. Academy of Management Journal, Mar., Vol. 14 Issue 1, p23, 10p. Shivers, C. Herbert. (1998) Halos, Horns and Hawthorne: Potential Flaws in the Evaluation Process. Professional Safety, Mar., Vol. 43, Issue 3. Stephen, R. Jones. (1992). Was there a Hawthorne effect? American Journal of Sociology, Nov., Vol.98, Issue 3. Yunker, W., Gary. (1993).An Explanation of Positive and Negative Hawthorne Effects: Evidence from the Relay Assembly Test Room and Bank Wiring Observation Room Studies. Academy of Management Proceedings, p179.

Carlsberg Background and History in Malaysia Essay

The Carlsberg Group is a Danish brewing company founded in 1847 by J. C. Jacobsen after the name of his son Carl. The headquarters are in Copenhagen, Denmark. The company’s main brand is Carlsberg Beer, but it also brews Tuborg as well as local beers. After merging with the brewery assets of Norwegian conglomerate Orkla ASA in January 2001, Carlsberg became the 5th largest brewery group in the world. It is the leading beer seller in Russia with about 40 percent market share. In 2009 Carlsberg is the 4th largest brewery group in the world employing around 45,000 people. Carlsberg was founded by J. C. Jacobsen. The first brew was finished on 10 November 1847. Export of Carlsberg beer began in 1868. Some of the company’s original logos include an elephant (after which some of its lagers are named) and the swastika. Jacobsen set up the Carlsberg Laboratory in 1875 which worked on scientific problems related to brewing. It featured a Department of Chemistry and a Department of Physiology. The species of yeast used to make pale lager, Saccharomyces carlsbergensis, was isolated at the Laboratory and was named after it. The laboratory was part of the Carlsberg Foundation until 1972 when it was renamed the Carlsberg Research Center and transferred to the brewery In December 1969, Carlsberg Brewery Malaysia Berhad (Carlsberg Malaysia) began brewing Carlsberg Green Label beer locally in 1972. Since then, the brand has become part of everyday’s life and is the No. 1 beer brand with more than a 50% share of the Malaysian Beer Market. Carlsberg Malaysia is listed on the Main Board of Bursa Malaysia Securities Berhad (Malaysia Stock Exchange) under the consumer products sector. It is an established brewery that manufactures and distribute beers, stout and other beverages mainly in the domestic Malaysian market and also has investments in Sri Lanka, Singapore and in a Malaysian alcoholic beverage company. Carlsberg Malaysia has a beer for every drinker with different palates and lifestyles for every occasion. Its expanded brand portfolio includes Carlsberg Green Label, Carlsberg Gold, Carlsberg Special Brew, Kronenbourg 1664, Kronenbourg 1664 Blanc, Asahi Super Dry, Somersby Apple Cider, SKOL beer, SKOL Super beer, Danish Royal Stout, Corona Extra, Jolly Shandy Lemon and as well as non-alcoholic Nutrimalt drink. In addition, Carlsberg Malaysia through its subsidiaries, has also a wide range of imported international beer brands such as Hoegaarden, Stella Artois, Budweiser, Grimbergen and Beck’s. The Company now has 7 of 9 world’s top international beer brands.